I get numbness in some standard trainers, running and cross training etc, if I then do a quad stretch holding my foot a satisfying crunch occurs things settle down. I don’t think my feet like the fixed position/forced break over of that sort of trainer and found I am much better with something more minimalist (I use merell bare access), I have wide feet too and these have a larger toe box so my toes can still move. I don’t know if that will help with the rubbing but as you seem to be struggling with ‘standard’ set up it might be worth considering that route?
They look the same as normal trainers just a thinner more flexible sole, no drop from heel to toe and more room for toes!
do you think you have more toe room in what you are using that doesn’t rub?